{"id":66434,"date":"2019-01-10T21:58:44","date_gmt":"2019-01-11T05:58:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/?p=66434"},"modified":"2023-08-03T17:29:21","modified_gmt":"2023-08-03T17:29:21","slug":"pesquisa-operacional","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/qa-release.questionpro.com\/blog\/pt-br\/pesquisa-operacional\/","title":{"rendered":"O que \u00e9 pesquisa operacional?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A pesquisa operacional \u00e9 um m\u00e9todo anal\u00edtico avan\u00e7ado que permite a solu\u00e7\u00e3o de problemas e a tomada de decis\u00f5es nas organiza\u00e7\u00f5es. Os m\u00e9todos mais utilizados incluem l\u00f3gica matem\u00e1tica, simula\u00e7\u00e3o, an\u00e1lise de redes, teoria de filas e teoria dos jogos.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>LEIA TAMB\u00c9M:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/usqa.questionpro.com\/blog\/pt-br\/metodos-de-coleta-de-dados\/\">Conhe\u00e7a os melhores m\u00e9todos de coleta de dados<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Com o uso da pesquisa operacional, \u00e9 poss\u00edvel que os gerentes nas organiza\u00e7\u00f5es possam construir sistemas eficazes baseados em dados completos, considerar todas as alternativas poss\u00edveis, prever cuidadosamente os resultados e fazer uso de ferramentas e t\u00e9cnicas de decis\u00e3o. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Caracter\u00edsticas da pesquisa operacional<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u00e9todo cient\u00edfico de investiga\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">O processo de pesquisa come\u00e7a com a observa\u00e7\u00e3o de problemas e coleta de dados.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">O problema \u00e9 apresentado de forma quantitativa, somente assim sua an\u00e1lise e avalia\u00e7\u00e3o s\u00e3o poss\u00edveis.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Procura resolver problemas organizacionais.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Respons\u00e1vel por encontrar a melhor alternativa para resolver o problema.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Para que esse m\u00e9todo funcione, \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio trabalhar em equipe, que deve ser composta por especialistas. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Veja tamb\u00e9m: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/usqa.questionpro.com\/blog\/pt-br\/dados-primarios\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Qual \u00e9 a diferen\u00e7a entre os dados prim\u00e1rios e secund\u00e1rios?<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"text-align:center\" class=\"wp-block-genesis-blocks-gb-cta gb-block-cta\"><div class=\"gb-cta-content\"><h2 class=\"gb-cta-title gb-font-size-32\" style=\"color:#32373c\">Fa\u00e7a uma pesquisa operacional agora mesmo<\/h2><div class=\"gb-cta-text gb-font-size-32\" style=\"color:#32373c\"><p>Crie sua conta gratuita em nosso software de Pesquisa Online<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"gb-cta-button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mktg.questionpro.com\/a\/TakeSurvey?tt=3XfS3NmdKlcECHrPeIW9eQ%3D%3D\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"gb-button gb-button-shape-rounded gb-button-size-medium\" style=\"color:#ffffff;background-color:#3373dc\">Criar Conta<\/a><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Etapas da pesquisa operacional<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Para realizar pesquisa operacional e encontrar a solu\u00e7\u00e3o para o problema estabelecido, \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio concluir as seguintes etapas:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><b>Formular o problema:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Durante a investiga\u00e7\u00e3o operativa, para que a solu\u00e7\u00e3o do problema tenha maior precis\u00e3o, \u00e9 importante identific\u00e1-lo e conhecer as consequ\u00eancias que ele tem na organiza\u00e7\u00e3o. Posteriormente, \u00e9 elaborado um referencial te\u00f3rico, os objetivos e limita\u00e7\u00f5es, considerando qual a melhor solu\u00e7\u00e3o e qual m\u00e9todo deve ser aplicado. Para completar o primeiro passo, os dados relacionados ao problema s\u00e3o coletados para identificar as vari\u00e1veis \u200b\u200be criar uma hip\u00f3tese.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Saiba tamb\u00e9m: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/usqa.questionpro.com\/blog\/pt-br\/participacao-dos-funcionarios\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Como elaborar um plano para participa\u00e7\u00e3o dos funcion\u00e1rios<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><b>Formula\u00e7\u00e3o do modelo matem\u00e1tico:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Quando o problema \u00e9 formulado, procuramos um modelo que o represente e que, ao mesmo tempo, contribua para a solu\u00e7\u00e3o. O modelo deve ser uma representa\u00e7\u00e3o abstrata da realidade que permita uma an\u00e1lise eficiente das op\u00e7\u00f5es que resolvem o problema.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><b>Solu\u00e7\u00e3o do modelo matem\u00e1tico:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Uma vez estabelecido o modelo, o pr\u00f3ximo passo \u00e9 encontrar as vari\u00e1veis \u200b\u200bposs\u00edveis. Para resolv\u00ea-lo, \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio dar um valor \u00e0s vari\u00e1veis \u200b\u200bpara melhorar a efic\u00e1cia do sistema.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><b>Valida\u00e7\u00e3o do modelo<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Essa etapa da investiga\u00e7\u00e3o operativa consiste em verificar se a solu\u00e7\u00e3o atende aos requisitos do problema.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><b>Implementar a solu\u00e7\u00e3o:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Ao verificar o modelo de solu\u00e7\u00e3o, o pr\u00f3ximo passo \u00e9 aplic\u00e1-lo. A equipe respons\u00e1vel deve informar sobre as atualiza\u00e7\u00f5es ao implementar o m\u00e9todo. Ao identificar o problema, os processos usados \u200b\u200banteriormente devem ser modificados. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Convido voc\u00ea a ler: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/usqa.questionpro.com\/blog\/pt-br\/dados-ordinais\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">O que s\u00e3o dados ordinais?<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Limita\u00e7\u00f5es&nbsp;<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00c9 necess\u00e1rio simplificar o problema para control\u00e1-lo e resolv\u00ea-lo.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Os modelos s\u00f3 encontram a solu\u00e7\u00e3o para um objetivo.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Muitas vezes \u00e9 mais caro implementar o modelo do que os benef\u00edcios para a organiza\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Na maioria dos problemas, as restri\u00e7\u00f5es n\u00e3o s\u00e3o consideradas.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Leia tamb\u00e9m: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/usqa.questionpro.com\/blog\/pt-br\/desenho-de-pesquisa\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Desenho de pesquisa e tipos que existem<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A pesquisa operacional permite a solu\u00e7\u00e3o de problemas complexos atrav\u00e9s do uso de m\u00faltiplas disciplinas; por isso, \u00e9 extremamente necess\u00e1rio conhecer esses sistemas para tomar melhores decis\u00f5es e aumentar a produtividade organizacional.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2000\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/usqa.questionpro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/cta-questionpro.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-715295\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">M\u00e9todos de Otimiza\u00e7\u00e3o da Pesquisa Operacional<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Os m\u00e9todos de otimiza\u00e7\u00e3o s\u00e3o t\u00e9cnicas matem\u00e1ticas e computacionais utilizadas para encontrar o melhor resultado poss\u00edvel em um determinado problema, sujeito a restri\u00e7\u00f5es espec\u00edficas. Aqui est\u00e3o alguns dos principais m\u00e9todos de otimiza\u00e7\u00e3o frequentemente usados:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Programa\u00e7\u00e3o Linear (PL):<\/strong> A programa\u00e7\u00e3o linear \u00e9 uma t\u00e9cnica de otimiza\u00e7\u00e3o para problemas que possuem uma fun\u00e7\u00e3o objetivo linear e restri\u00e7\u00f5es lineares. O m\u00e9todo mais comum \u00e9 o M\u00e9todo Simplex, que iterativamente melhora a solu\u00e7\u00e3o at\u00e9 que o \u00f3timo seja alcan\u00e7ado.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Programa\u00e7\u00e3o Inteira (PI):<\/strong> A programa\u00e7\u00e3o inteira \u00e9 uma extens\u00e3o da programa\u00e7\u00e3o linear, onde algumas ou todas as vari\u00e1veis de decis\u00e3o s\u00e3o restritas a assumirem apenas valores inteiros. A solu\u00e7\u00e3o \u00f3tima \u00e9 encontrada por meio de algoritmos de ramifica\u00e7\u00e3o e limita\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Programa\u00e7\u00e3o N\u00e3o Linear (PNL):<\/strong> A programa\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o linear trata de problemas onde a fun\u00e7\u00e3o objetivo e\/ou restri\u00e7\u00f5es s\u00e3o n\u00e3o lineares. Existem diversos m\u00e9todos num\u00e9ricos, como o m\u00e9todo de Newton e o gradiente descendente, para encontrar solu\u00e7\u00f5es aproximadas para problemas n\u00e3o lineares.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Programa\u00e7\u00e3o Din\u00e2mica (PD):<\/strong> A programa\u00e7\u00e3o din\u00e2mica \u00e9 usada em problemas que podem ser divididos em subproblemas menores que se sobrep\u00f5em. Esse m\u00e9todo resolve os subproblemas em etapas e combina as solu\u00e7\u00f5es para obter a solu\u00e7\u00e3o global.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Esses s\u00e3o apenas alguns dos muitos m\u00e9todos de otimiza\u00e7\u00e3o dispon\u00edveis, e a escolha do m\u00e9todo certo depende da natureza espec\u00edfica do problema e das caracter\u00edsticas do espa\u00e7o de busca. Muitas vezes, a combina\u00e7\u00e3o de diferentes t\u00e9cnicas pode levar a solu\u00e7\u00f5es ainda melhores.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Para agilizar seu processo de trabalho e para que tenha recursos que enriquecem seu projeto de pesquisa, utilize uma plataforma online de pesquisa, te convido a conhecer a<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/pt-br\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Questionpro<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, uma solu\u00e7\u00e3o completa em pesquisa e intelig\u00eancia de mercado.\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<center>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/mktg.questionpro.com\/a\/TakeSurvey?tt=3XfS3NmdKlcECHrPeIW9eQ%3D%3D\">\n<button style=\"background: #ff9f00;\">Criar conta gr\u00e1tis<\/button>\n<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/ctademocompleta.questionpro.com\/?custom1=artigos-blog\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n<button>Agendar demonstra\u00e7\u00e3o<\/button>\n<\/a>\n<\/center>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A pesquisa operacional \u00e9 um m\u00e9todo anal\u00edtico avan\u00e7ado que permite a solu\u00e7\u00e3o de problemas e a tomada de decis\u00f5es nas [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":173,"featured_media":805428,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[243],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-66434","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-pesquisa-de-mercado","8":"entry"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Pesquisa operacional: conhe\u00e7a as principais caracter\u00edsticas<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A pesquisa operacional \u00e9 um m\u00e9todo anal\u00edtico avan\u00e7ado que permite solu\u00e7\u00e3o de problemas e a tomada de decis\u00f5es na empresas. 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