{"id":730023,"date":"2019-08-27T03:29:34","date_gmt":"2019-08-27T03:29:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/cok-asamali-ornekleme-tanim-adimlar-uygulamalar-ve-orneklerle-avantajlar\/"},"modified":"2019-08-27T03:29:34","modified_gmt":"2019-08-27T03:29:34","slug":"cok-asamali-ornekleme-tanim-adimlar-uygulamalar-ve-orneklerle-avantajlar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/qa-release.questionpro.com\/blog\/tr\/cok-asamali-ornekleme-tanim-adimlar-uygulamalar-ve-orneklerle-avantajlar\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7ok A\u015famal\u0131 \u00d6rnekleme – Tan\u0131m, ad\u0131mlar, uygulamalar ve \u00f6rneklerle avantajlar"},"content":{"rendered":"
Tan\u0131m:<\/strong> \u00c7ok a\u015famal\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme, ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapmak i\u00e7in pop\u00fclasyonu gruplara (veya k\u00fcmelere) ay\u0131ran bir \u00f6rnekleme y\u00f6ntemi olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. K\u00fcme \u00f6rneklemesinin karma\u015f\u0131k bir \u015feklidir, bazen \u00e7ok a\u015famal\u0131 k\u00fcme \u00f6rneklemesi olarak da bilinir. Bu \u00f6rnekleme y\u00f6ntemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda, se\u00e7ilen ki\u015filerin \u00f6nemli k\u00fcmeleri, birincil veri toplamay\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli a\u015famalarda alt gruplara ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 se\u00e7in<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n \u00c7ok a\u015famal\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme yapmak i\u00e7in d\u00f6rt \u00e7ok a\u015famal\u0131 ad\u0131m vard\u0131r:<\/span><\/p>\n \u00c7ok a\u015famal\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme esas olarak bu alanlara uygulanmaktad\u0131r:<\/span><\/p>\n \u00c7ok fazl\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme, bir alan\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in harcanan s\u00fcreyi azalt\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n maliyetini de kontrol alt\u0131nda tutar. \u00d6rneklerden toplanan bilgiler, pop\u00fclasyonun b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcnden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131mlar yapmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n \u0130\u015fte \u00e7ok a\u015famal\u0131 \u00f6rneklemeden elde edilen en \u00f6nemli 8 fayda:<\/span><\/p>\n \u0130ki t\u00fcr \u00e7ok a\u015famal\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme vard\u0131r – \u00e7ok a\u015famal\u0131 k\u00fcme \u00f6rneklemesi ve \u00e7ok a\u015famal\u0131 rastgele \u00f6rnekleme. Pazar ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131nda \u00e7ok a\u015famal\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme, \u00f6rneklerin a\u015famal\u0131 olarak se\u00e7ilmesi ve her ad\u0131mda daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6rnekleme birimlerinin se\u00e7ilmesidir. \u015eimdi bu iki yakla\u015f\u0131ma ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak g\u00f6z atal\u0131m.<\/span><\/p>\n \u00c7ok a\u015famal\u0131 k\u00fcme \u00f6rneklemesi, karma\u015f\u0131k bir k\u00fcme \u00f6rneklemesi t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131, daha iyi veri toplama, y\u00f6netme ve yorumlama i\u00e7in evreni \u00e7e\u015fitli a\u015famalarda gruplara ay\u0131r\u0131r. Bu gruplara k\u00fcme ad\u0131 verilir. <\/span><\/p>\n \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 Bat\u0131 Avrupa’daki farkl\u0131 beslenme al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmek istiyor. Her haneden veri toplamak pratikte m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 \u00f6ncelikle ilgilenilen \u00fclkeleri se\u00e7ecektir. Bu \u00fclkeler aras\u0131ndan anket yap\u0131lacak b\u00f6lge veya eyaletleri se\u00e7er. Ve bu b\u00f6lgelerden, b\u00f6lgeyi temsil eden belirli \u015fehir ve kasabalar\u0131 se\u00e7erek ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 daha da daralt\u0131yor. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 \u015fehir veya kasaban\u0131n t\u00fcm sakinleriyle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmez. Ayr\u0131ca, se\u00e7ilen \u015fehirlerden ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya kat\u0131lacak belirli kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 se\u00e7er. Burada, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 gerekli \u00f6rneklemi daraltana kadar k\u00fcmelerin \u00e7e\u015fitli a\u015famalarda se\u00e7ildi\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz.<\/span><\/p>\n \u00c7ok a\u015famal\u0131 rastgele \u00f6rnekleme tekni\u011fi kavram\u0131, \u00e7ok a\u015famal\u0131 k\u00fcme \u00f6rneklemesine benzer. Ancak bu durumda, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 her a\u015famada \u00f6rnekleri rastgele se\u00e7er. Burada ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 k\u00fcmeler olu\u015fturmaz, ancak rastgele \u00f6rnekleme uygulayarak \u00f6rneklemi daralt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 ABD’de ya\u015fayan insanlar\u0131n evcil hayvan besleme al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 anlamak istiyor. Bunun i\u00e7in 200 kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131dan olu\u015fan bir \u00f6rneklem b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ihtiya\u00e7 duymaktad\u0131r. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 50 eyalet aras\u0131ndan rastgele 10 eyalet se\u00e7er. Ayr\u0131ca, her eyalet i\u00e7in rastgele 5 b\u00f6lge se\u00e7er. Daha sonra rastgele se\u00e7ilen bu 50 eyaletten, ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctmek \u00fczere evcil hayvan sahibi 4 hane se\u00e7er.<\/span><\/p>\n \u0130\u015fte \u00e7ok a\u015famal\u0131 bir tasar\u0131m \u00f6rne\u011fi. Kurulumu kolayd\u0131r. <\/span><\/p>\n \u00d6rnek konumu ABD olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnelim. Ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n amac\u0131, ABD’deki insanlar\u0131n \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i harcama e\u011filimlerini \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i bir anket arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla de\u011ferlendirmektir. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar 200 haneden olu\u015fan \u00f6rneklem gruplar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fekilde olu\u015fturabilirler:<\/span><\/p>\n \u00c7ok a\u015famal\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcrken ak\u0131lda tutulmas\u0131 gereken baz\u0131 ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n\u00c7ok a\u015famal\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme yapmak i\u00e7in ad\u0131mlar nelerdir?<\/b><\/h3>\n
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\u00c7ok a\u015famal\u0131 \u00f6rneklemenin uygulamalar\u0131 nelerdir?<\/b><\/h3>\n
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\u00c7ok a\u015famal\u0131 \u00f6rneklemenin avantajlar\u0131 nelerdir?<\/b><\/h3>\n
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\u00c7ok a\u015famal\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme t\u00fcrleri nelerdir?<\/b><\/h3>\n
\u00c7ok a\u015famal\u0131 k\u00fcme \u00f6rneklemesi:<\/b><\/h4>\n
\u00c7ok a\u015famal\u0131 rastgele \u00f6rnekleme:<\/b><\/h4>\n
\u00c7ok a\u015famal\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme \u00f6rne\u011fi:<\/b><\/h3>\n
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Etkili \u00e7ok a\u015famal\u0131 \u00f6rnekleme i\u00e7in ipu\u00e7lar\u0131:<\/b><\/h3>\n
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