{"id":794820,"date":"2022-07-02T14:32:43","date_gmt":"2022-07-02T14:32:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/arastirmada-ic-gecerlilik-nedir-ve-ornekler\/"},"modified":"2023-05-29T19:02:42","modified_gmt":"2023-05-29T19:02:42","slug":"arastirmada-ic-gecerlilik-nedir-ve-ornekler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/qa-release.questionpro.com\/blog\/tr\/arastirmada-ic-gecerlilik-nedir-ve-ornekler\/","title":{"rendered":"Ara\u015ft\u0131rmada \u0130\u00e7 Ge\u00e7erlilik: Nedir ve \u00d6rnekler"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0130\u00e7 ge\u00e7erlilik, ara\u015ft\u0131rma bulgular\u0131n\u0131zdan ne kadar emin oldu\u011funuzu ifade eder. Bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n en temel y\u00f6nlerinden biridir ve genel olarak olgular\u0131 anlamada anahtar bir fikirdir. Bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 olarak ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131z\u0131n do\u011frulu\u011funu ancak bulgular\u0131n\u0131zla \u00e7eli\u015fen herhangi bir fakt\u00f6r yoksa belirleyebilirsiniz. Bu, sonuca duyulan g\u00fcvenin derecesidir. Bu yaz\u0131da i\u00e7 ge\u00e7erlilik, neden \u00f6nemli oldu\u011fu, \u00f6rnekleri ve daha fazlas\u0131 incelenecektir.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"tags-wrap\">\n<p class=\"content-index\" style=\"margin-top: 0;\">\u0130\u00e7erik Dizini<\/p>\n<ol style=\"font-weight: 400; margin: 0 30px; line-height: 22px;\">\n<li><a href=\"#what_is_internal_validity?\">\u0130\u00e7 ge\u00e7erlilik nedir?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#the_importance_of_internal_validity\">\u0130\u00e7 ge\u00e7erlili\u011fin \u00f6nemi<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#internal_validity_threats\">\u0130\u00e7 ge\u00e7erlilik tehditleri<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#internal_validity_examples\">\u0130\u00e7 ge\u00e7erlilik \u00f6rnekleri<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#what_is_internal_validity_vs._external_validity?\">\u0130\u00e7 ge\u00e7erlilik ve d\u0131\u015f ge\u00e7erlilik nedir?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#conclusion\">Sonu\u00e7<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what_is_internal_validity?\">\u0130\u00e7 ge\u00e7erlilik nedir?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ara\u015ft\u0131rmada i\u00e7 ge\u00e7erlilik, test durumunuz ile ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonucunuz aras\u0131ndaki neden-sonu\u00e7 ili\u015fkilerini do\u011frular. Ayr\u0131ca, ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n bir sonucun di\u011fer nedenlerini eleme yetene\u011fini de ifade eder.<\/p>\n\n<p>Kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma, \u00e7e\u015fitli fakt\u00f6rlerin bir <a href=\"https:\/\/usqa.questionpro.com\/blog\/tr\/arastirma-nedir-tanim-yontemler-turler-ve-ornekler\/\">ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n<\/a> sonucuna m\u00fcdahale etti\u011fi bir durumdur. Bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k ihtimali ne kadar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckse, i\u00e7 ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi de o kadar y\u00fcksektir. Bu sayede sonu\u00e7tan daha emin olabiliriz.<\/p>\n\n<p>Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle, bulgular\u0131n\u0131z i\u00e7in di\u011fer olas\u0131 nedenleri eleyebilirseniz, ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131z\u0131n i\u00e7sel olarak ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011fundan emin olabilirsiniz. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131z a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00fc\u00e7 gereklili\u011fi kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131yorsa, yaln\u0131zca neden ve sonu\u00e7 varsay\u0131m\u0131nda bulunabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sebep ve sonu\u00e7 ayn\u0131 anda de\u011fi\u015fir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zaman a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, neden sonu\u00e7tan \u00f6nce gelir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Buldu\u011funuz korelasyonun ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir makul nedeni yoktur.<br\/><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>\u0130\u00e7 ge\u00e7erlilik ayr\u0131ca, standart verilere sahip olman\u0131n, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131n\u0131n ilgisiz sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmadan \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu\u011funu ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rneklem gruplar\u0131 do\u011fru se\u00e7ilmi\u015f ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclm\u00fc\u015fse, veriler aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki kabul edilebilir olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the_importance_of_internal_validity\">\u0130\u00e7 ge\u00e7erlili\u011fin \u00f6nemi<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar deney yaparken s\u0131kl\u0131kla de\u011fi\u015fkenler aras\u0131nda net ili\u015fkiler kurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar. \u0130\u00e7 ge\u00e7erlilik, bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n nedensel ili\u015fkisinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00fcvenmelerine ve inanmalar\u0131na izin verir.  <\/p>\n\n<p>Bir deneyin d\u0131\u015f ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011funda, s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fi\u015fkenler aras\u0131nda nedensel bir ili\u015fki oldu\u011funu g\u00fcvenle g\u00f6steremez. Bu y\u00fczden ara\u015ft\u0131rmada \u00f6nemlidir. Bu, do\u011fru uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde ara\u015ft\u0131rmadaki en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ara\u00e7lardan biri olabilir.<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><h3>Nedensel ili\u015fkilerin kurulmas\u0131<\/h3><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n bir de\u011fi\u015fkenin di\u011ferine nas\u0131l yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda do\u011fru sonu\u00e7lara varmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, i\u00e7 ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi iyi olan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar tasarlarlarsa, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z de\u011fi\u015fkendeki de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fkende de\u011fi\u015fikliklere neden oldu\u011fundan emin olabilirler.<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><h3>Kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 fakt\u00f6rlerin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131<\/h3><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 etkileyebilecek d\u0131\u015f fakt\u00f6rler olan kafa kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fkenlerin etkisini kontrol etmeye ve azaltmaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. Deneyleri dikkatlice planlayarak, kontrol gruplar\u0131 kullanarak ve rastgele atamalar yaparak, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z de\u011fi\u015fkenin etkilerini izole edebilir ve ikisi aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011flant\u0131dan daha emin olabilirler.<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><h3>\u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcm do\u011frulu\u011funun sa\u011flanmas\u0131<\/h3><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Bu, bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada bir \u015feyleri \u00f6l\u00e7mek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan ara\u00e7lar\u0131n do\u011fru ve g\u00fcvenilir olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, ge\u00e7erli ve g\u00fcvenilir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmler kullanarak ilgili de\u011fi\u015fkenleri do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde \u00f6l\u00e7ebilir ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm hatas\u0131n\u0131 azaltarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n i\u00e7 ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini art\u0131rabilir.<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><h3>Tekrarlanabilirli\u011fin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/h3><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Tekrarlama, bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n ba\u015fka durumlarda kullan\u0131lma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n i\u00e7 ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi y\u00fcksek olan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 tekrarlama olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 daha y\u00fcksektir. En \u00f6nemli \u00f6ncelik oldu\u011funda, di\u011fer ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar benzer sonu\u00e7lar elde etmek i\u00e7in ara\u015ft\u0131rma tasar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ve y\u00f6ntemlerini kullanabilir, bu da bilimsel bilgi taban\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunur.<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><h3>Ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnya ortamlar\u0131na genellenebilirlik<\/h3><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Bu, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnya ortamlar\u0131nda ve ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnya pop\u00fclasyonlar\u0131nda kullan\u0131labilme yetene\u011fi olan d\u0131\u015f ge\u00e7erlili\u011fin bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar bu konudaki endi\u015feleri gidererek, bulgular\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ek hayatta ne olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde yans\u0131tmas\u0131n\u0131 daha olas\u0131 hale getirebilirler. Bu da ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ek hayatta kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><h3>Karar alma s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini ve politika geli\u015ftirmeyi etkilemek<\/h3><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>\u0130\u00e7 ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi y\u00fcksek olan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, karar alma s\u00fcre\u00e7leri ve politika geli\u015ftirme \u00fczerinde daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir etkiye sahiptir. Politika yap\u0131c\u0131lar, bilgiye dayal\u0131 kararlar almak ve etkili politikalar uygulamak i\u00e7in titiz ve i\u00e7sel olarak ge\u00e7erli ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara g\u00fcvenmektedir. G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc i\u00e7 ge\u00e7erlilik, ara\u015ft\u0131rma bulgular\u0131n\u0131n inand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fini art\u0131rarak karar alma s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde daha etkili olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"internal_validity_threats\">\u0130\u00e7 ge\u00e7erlilik tehditleri<\/h2>\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma projesinde i\u00e7 ge\u00e7erlilik tehditlerinin tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131 gerekir. Bu, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lara ara\u015ft\u0131rmada uygun kontrolleri olu\u015fturmada yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n i\u00e7sel olarak ge\u00e7erli olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in \u00e7ok say\u0131da teknik vard\u0131r. Yine de, bir <a href=\"https:\/\/usqa.questionpro.com\/blog\/surveys\/\">anket<\/a> tasarlarken dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken potansiyel risklerin bir listesi de vard\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tipik tehditleri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurun:<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"992\" height=\"799\" src=\"https:\/\/usqa.questionpro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/internal-validity-threats.jpg\" alt=\"i&#xE7; ge&#xE7;erlilik tehditleri dezavantajlar\" class=\"wp-image-439331\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><h3>Tarihsel olaylar<\/h3><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<p>Tarihsel olaylar, belirli bir zaman diliminde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00fczerinde etkili olmaktad\u0131r. Bunun nedeni, bir\u00e7ok olay\u0131n insanlar\u0131n belirli bir konuda nas\u0131l hissetti\u011fini veya nas\u0131l tepki verdi\u011fini etkileyebilmesidir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, siyasi liderlikteki de\u011fi\u015fiklikler veya do\u011fal afetler <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/features\/survey-respondents.html\">anket kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n<\/a> d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 \u00fczerinde etkili olabilir.<\/p>\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"2\">\n<li><h3>Olgunla\u015fma<\/h3><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<p>Uzun bir s\u00fcre boyunca ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen deneyler olgunla\u015fmaya kar\u015f\u0131 en savunmas\u0131z olanlard\u0131r. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmada bir de\u011fi\u015fken olarak zaman\u0131n etkisi bu \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r. Denekleriniz ya\u015fland\u0131ysa veya biyolojik bir de\u011fi\u015fim ge\u00e7irdiyse, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131z\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n zamandan etkilenmedi\u011fini kan\u0131tlamak zor olabilir.<\/p>\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"3\">\n<li><h3>Deneyci \u00f6nyarg\u0131s\u0131<\/h3><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<p>Bu, deneyci bir gruba di\u011ferinden farkl\u0131 davrand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Bu, grubun lehine veya aleyhine olabilir. <a href=\"https:\/\/usqa.questionpro.com\/blog\/tr\/arastirma-onyargisi-nedir-turleri-ve-ornekleri\/\">Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nyarg\u0131s\u0131<\/a>, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n bulgular\u0131 \u00fczerinde etkili olabilir. E\u011fer bir deneyci farkl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma gruplar\u0131nda farkl\u0131 davran\u0131rsa, bunun sonu\u00e7lar \u00fczerinde etkisi olabilir ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n i\u00e7 ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini azaltabilir.<\/p>\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"4\">\n<li><h3>Dif\u00fczyon<\/h3><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<p>Bu durum, deney kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 birbirleriyle etkile\u015fime girdi\u011finde ve birbirlerini g\u00f6zlemledi\u011finde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n bulgular\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fini tehlikeye atar. K\u00fcsk\u00fcn moral bozuklu\u011fu bunun sonucunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilecek bir sorundur. Kontrol grubu \u00fcyeleri daha az karma\u015f\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc gruplar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 k\u0131rg\u0131nl\u0131k hissederler.<\/p>\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"5\">\n<li><h3>Test<\/h3><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<p>Deneyler, daha do\u011fru bilgi toplamak i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 deneklerin birden fazla kez test edilmesini gerektirebilir. Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n d\u00fczenli olarak ayn\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlerle test edilmesinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00fczerinde etkisi vard\u0131r. Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n testi \u00f6\u011frendik\u00e7e veya test s\u00fcrecine daha a\u015fina hale geldik\u00e7e daha iyi performans g\u00f6stermeleri muhtemeldir; bu nedenle, tekrarlanan testler sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde etkileyebilir.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"internal_validity_examples\">\u0130\u00e7 ge\u00e7erlilik \u00f6rnekleri<\/h2>\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0130\u00e7 ge\u00e7erlilik a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6rneklerde g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir:<\/span><\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00d6rnek 1<\/h3>\n\n<p>Gelir d\u00fczeyi ile sigara i\u00e7me riski aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 inceleyen bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmada daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. Bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya g\u00f6re, sigara i\u00e7mek ile d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck gelirli olmak aras\u0131nda bir korelasyon vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n<p>Meslek, k\u00fclt\u00fcr, e\u011fitim, sosyal konum ve di\u011fer de\u011fi\u015fkenler farkl\u0131 t\u00fcrden fakt\u00f6rlere \u00f6rnektir. Bu t\u00fcr fakt\u00f6rler ara\u015ft\u0131rmadan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lamaz. Bulgular\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde etkiledi\u011fine dair kan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131z oldu\u011funu ortaya koyman\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olan bir kavramd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00d6rnek 2<\/h3>\n\n<p>Bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131, \u00f6\u011fretim i\u00e7in \u00f6zel olarak tasarlanm\u0131\u015f bilgisayar uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n geleneksel s\u0131n\u0131f teknikleri \u00fczerindeki etkisini incelemek i\u00e7in ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapar. Ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n bulgular\u0131na g\u00f6re, bilgisayar yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 kullan\u0131larak e\u011fitim alan \u00e7ocuklar daha h\u0131zl\u0131 \u00f6\u011freniyor.<\/p>\n\n<p>Bir ba\u015fka ara\u015ft\u0131rma bulgusu da bilgisayarl\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretimin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131f seviyelerini \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde geli\u015ftirdi\u011fidir. Di\u011fer ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131, bilgisayar yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 kullan\u0131larak e\u011fitilen gen\u00e7lerin kendileriyle ilgilenilmedi\u011fine inand\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n\n<p>Ara\u015ft\u0131rma manip\u00fclasyonunun bir etkisi oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, bir deney hala m\u00fckemmel bir i\u00e7 ge\u00e7erlili\u011fe sahiptir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma raporu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131 ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc neden net bir \u015fekilde tan\u0131mlanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131, bilgisayar programlar\u0131n\u0131n faydalar\u0131ndan ziyade dikkati \u00f6n planda tutmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00d6rnek 3<\/h3>\n\n<p>\u0130ki olay \u00e7ak\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan korelasyon gerektirir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, yumurta do\u011frudan tavu\u011fun biyolojik yeteneklerinden kaynaklanmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ayn\u0131 zamanda sahte olmamal\u0131d\u0131r; bu da bir mele\u011fin d\u00fcnya \u00fczerindeki t\u00fcm tavuklar\u0131 s\u00fcrekli olarak d\u00f6llemesi gibi inan\u0131labilir ba\u015fka bir olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00d6rnek 4<\/h3>\n\n<p>Bunun bir ba\u015fka \u00f6rne\u011fi de zaman \u00f6nceli\u011fi veya nedenin sonu\u00e7tan \u00f6nce meydana geldi\u011finin kan\u0131tlanmas\u0131d\u0131r. Sigara i\u00e7menin akci\u011fer kanserine neden oldu\u011fu, tedavi edilenlerin \u00e7o\u011funun sigara i\u00e7me ge\u00e7mi\u015fi oldu\u011fu g\u00f6sterilerek iddia edilebilir.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what_is_internal_validity_vs._external_validity?\">\u0130\u00e7 ge\u00e7erlilik ve d\u0131\u015f ge\u00e7erlilik nedir?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Hem i\u00e7 hem de d\u0131\u015f ge\u00e7erlili\u011fin farkl\u0131 anlamlar\u0131 vard\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7 ge\u00e7erlilik, sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde g\u00fcvenilir oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelirken, d\u0131\u015f ge\u00e7erlilik ise sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n farkl\u0131 bir duruma ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde uygulanabilir oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Kendi ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131z\u0131 olu\u015ftururken ve analiz ederken bunlar\u0131n \u00f6nemini g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurman\u0131z da \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.  <\/p>\n\n<p>De\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011finiz de\u011fi\u015fkenin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm sonucunuzu ger\u00e7ekten etkilemesini sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir. D\u0131\u015f do\u011frulama \u00f6nemlidir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen de\u011fi\u015fiklikler daha evrenseldir.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma<\/td><td>\u0130\u00e7 Ge\u00e7erlilik<\/td><td>D\u0131\u015f Ge\u00e7erlilik<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Anlam\u0131<\/td><td>\u0130\u00e7 ge\u00e7erlilik, deneyin ne kadar hatas\u0131z oldu\u011funu ve herhangi bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm tutars\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yaln\u0131zca ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z de\u011fi\u015fkene nas\u0131l atfedilebilece\u011fini ifade eder.<\/td><td>D\u0131\u015f ge\u00e7erlilik, ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnyan\u0131n geri kalan\u0131na ne kadar tahmin edilebilece\u011fini ifade eder.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Endi\u015feler<\/td><td>Kontroll\u00fc<\/td><td>Do\u011fall\u0131k<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ne oldu?<\/td><td>Bu, deneyin ne kadar i\u015fe yarad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlaman\u0131n bir yoludur.<\/td><td>Deneyde bulunan nedensel ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fka durumlarda kullan\u0131l\u0131p kullan\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcr.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Tan\u0131mlar<\/td><td>Ara\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemlerinin ne kadar etkili oldu\u011fu.<\/td><td>Ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnyada kullan\u0131labilir mi?<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A\u00e7\u0131klar<\/td><td>Sonu\u00e7, kan\u0131tlar taraf\u0131ndan ne kadar destekleniyor?<\/td><td>Ara\u015ft\u0131rma bulgular\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer ba\u011flamlara genelle\u015ftirilmesinin ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde hakl\u0131 oldu\u011fu.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0130\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r<\/td><td>Sonucun di\u011fer olas\u0131 nedenlerini ele al\u0131n veya ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131n.<\/td><td>Sonucu genelle\u015ftirin.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"conclusion\">Sonu\u00e7<\/h2>\n\n<p>Bir deney, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir i\u00e7 ge\u00e7erlilik olmadan iki de\u011fi\u015fken aras\u0131nda nedensel bir ba\u011flant\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steremez. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilen deney tasar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n neden-sonu\u00e7 kavram\u0131na uygun olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Nedensel bir ba\u011flant\u0131ya ili\u015fkin sonu\u00e7lara inan\u0131l\u0131rl\u0131k ve g\u00fcvenilirlik kazand\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n<p>Ara\u015ft\u0131rma tasar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fkenler aras\u0131ndaki neden-sonu\u00e7 ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ne kadar iyi g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini ifade eder. G\u00f6r\u00fclen etkilerin, kafa kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 olabilecek di\u011fer fakt\u00f6rlerle de\u011fil, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z de\u011fi\u015fkenle ili\u015fkilendirilebildi\u011finden emin olunmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.  <\/p>\n\n<p>Bu seviyenin y\u00fcksek tutulmas\u0131, ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n daha inand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenilir olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Bu, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n do\u011fru sonu\u00e7lara ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 ve alana \u00f6nemli katk\u0131larda bulunmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar bunu iyile\u015ftirmek ve se\u00e7im yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 fakt\u00f6rler ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm hatalar\u0131 gibi tehditleri azaltmak i\u00e7in titiz y\u00f6ntemler ve kontrol \u00f6nlemleri kullanabilir.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u0130\u00e7 ge\u00e7erlili\u011fin tek ba\u015f\u0131na d\u0131\u015f ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi veya sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnyada kullan\u0131labilece\u011fini garanti etmedi\u011fini unutmamak \u00f6nemlidir. Ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n toplam kalitesini de\u011ferlendirmek i\u00e7in bununla birlikte di\u011fer ge\u00e7erlilik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctleri de kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n<p>QuestionPro&#8217;da, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lara anket yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131m\u0131z gibi veri toplama ara\u00e7lar\u0131 ve her t\u00fcrden uzun vadeli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7in bir i\u00e7g\u00f6r\u00fc k\u00fct\u00fcphanesi sa\u011fl\u0131yoruz. Bir demo g\u00f6rmek veya daha fazla bilgi edinmek isterseniz l\u00fctfen Insight Hub&#8217;a gidin.<\/p>\n\n<p><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/a\/showEntry.do?classID=1053?sourceRef=blog\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n  <button>\u00dcCRETS\u0130Z DENEME<\/button>\n<\/a>       <a href=\"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/research-suite\/\" rel=\"noopener\">\n  <button>DAHA FAZLA BI\u0307LGI\u0307 EDI\u0307NI\u0307N<\/button>\n<\/a><\/p><p><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">S\u0131k\u00e7a sorulan sorular (SSS)<\/h2>\n\n<div class=\"schema-faq wp-block-yoast-faq-block\"><div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1685362756342\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">1. <strong>\u0130\u00e7 ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi ne \u00f6l\u00e7er?<\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">\u0130\u00e7 ge\u00e7erlilik, ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n kalitesini \u00f6l\u00e7menin bir yoludur.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1685362815008\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">2. <strong>\u0130\u00e7 ge\u00e7erlilik neden \u00f6nemlidir?<\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">\u0130\u00e7 ge\u00e7erlilik \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc ara\u015ft\u0131rmada g\u00f6r\u00fclen etkilerin ba\u015fka bir \u015feyden de\u011fil ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z de\u011fi\u015fkenden kaynaklanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Uzmanlar\u0131n nedenler ve sonu\u00e7lar aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011flant\u0131lar hakk\u0131nda do\u011fru sonu\u00e7lara varmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1685362836516\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">3. <strong>K\u00f6rleme i\u00e7 ge\u00e7erlili\u011fe nas\u0131l katk\u0131da bulunur?<\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">&#8220;Maskeleme&#8221; olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131lan k\u00f6rleme, deneklerin veya ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n kimin hangi grupta oldu\u011funu veya ko\u015fullar\u0131n ne oldu\u011funu bilmelerini engellemenin bir yoludur. Halihaz\u0131rda sahip oldu\u011funuz varsay\u0131mlar veya fikirler nedeniyle olu\u015fabilecek \u00f6nyarg\u0131lar\u0131 azaltmaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur, bu da i\u00e7 ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1685362860233\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">4. <strong>\u0130\u00e7 ge\u00e7erlili\u011fe y\u00f6nelik baz\u0131 tehditler nelerdir?<\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">\u0130\u00e7 ge\u00e7erlilik genellikle kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 terki veya y\u0131pranmas\u0131, ge\u00e7mi\u015f etkileri, olgunla\u015fma, test etkileri, enstr\u00fcmantasyon etkileri, ortalamaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f ve se\u00e7im yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi nedenlerle tehdit alt\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n\n<p><style> #toc_container {&amp;amp;amp;lt;br \/&gt; background: #f9f9f9 none repeat scroll 0 0;&amp;amp;amp;lt;br \/&gt; border: 1px solid #aaa;&amp;amp;amp;lt;br \/&gt; display: table;&amp;amp;amp;lt;br \/&gt; font-size: 95%;&amp;amp;amp;lt;br \/&gt; margin-bottom: 1em;&amp;amp;amp;lt;br \/&gt; padding: 20px;&amp;amp;amp;lt;br \/&gt; width: auto;&amp;amp;amp;lt;br \/&gt; }&amp;amp;amp;lt;\/p&gt; &amp;amp;amp;lt;p&gt;.toc_title {&amp;amp;amp;lt;br \/&gt; font-weight: 700;&amp;amp;amp;lt;br \/&gt; text-align: center;&amp;amp;amp;lt;br \/&gt; }&amp;amp;amp;lt;\/p&gt; &amp;amp;amp;lt;p&gt;#toc_container li, #toc_container ul, #toc_container ul li{&amp;amp;amp;lt;br \/&gt; list-style: outside none none !important;&amp;amp;amp;lt;br \/&gt; }<\/style><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0130\u00e7 ge\u00e7erlilik, ara\u015ft\u0131rma bulgular\u0131n\u0131zdan ne kadar emin oldu\u011funuzu ifade eder. Bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n en temel y\u00f6nlerinden biridir ve genel olarak olgular\u0131 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":49,"featured_media":714147,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1118],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-794820","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-arastirma-araclari-ve-uygulamalari","8":"entry"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Ara\u015ft\u0131rmada \u0130\u00e7 Ge\u00e7erlilik: Nedir ve \u00d6rnekler | QuestionPro<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" 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